Author: Giorgia Pietropaoli

When the illusion of sealed borders collides with the global reality of migratory flows On the North African coast, just a few miles from the Spanish mainland, stand two strips of land that encapsulate five centuries of European history: Ceuta and Melilla. Spanish autonomous cities geographically immersed within the territory of Morocco, they represent a unique case in the global geopolitical landscape, the European Union’s only land border with the African continent. For Madrid, they are enclaves, national territory in every sense under the 1668 Treaty of Lisbon for Ceuta and since the 15th century for Melilla; for Rabat, they…